PanamaCanal

Essay:

The Panama Canal is a ship-canal which joins the Caribbean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. There are many factors that come into the making of the panama canal. Many of which include people, events, agreements, and etc. Some example are: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Spooner Act, Hay-Herran Agreement, Panama Revolution, Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty, Theodore Roosevelt, and Philippe Bunau-Barilla. One treaty signed was the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901. The treaty was signed by President McKinley and Lord Julian Pauncefote of England. The US was authorized to construct and manage the Panama Canal in Central America. The US was also authorized to fortify the canal if necessary. The canal was open to all countries, and the rates were equal for all countries.


 * Spooner Act/Hay-Herran Agreement**
 * The Spooner Act was **authorized in 1902. It was authorized buying the French Panama Canal Company. Also, the Hay-Herran Agreement was an agreement between the United States and Panama granting canal rights to the United States in exchange for financial reimbursement and guarantees of protection to the newly established republic.

The Panama Revolution began in 1903. The Colombian legislature refused to ratify a treaty giving the US the right to build and manage a canal, some Panamanians, who had US support, rebelled and declared independence. The newly independent country was recognized by President Roosevelt. Under the terms of a treaty that was signed previously in November, Panama granted a 16-km of wide strip of land (Panama canal zone) between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. During this time, the Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty-Agreement signed on November 1903 allowed the US to build a canal through a 10-mile wide section of central panama. It Required the U.S. to guarantee Panama's independence and pay $10 million, plus 250,000 per year.
 * Panama Revolution/Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty**

An agreement was reached late in the year after Roosevelt had succeeded the slain McKinley. The following points were approved by both nations: The US was now authorized to construct and manage a Central American canal. Also, the US was to guarantee the neutrality of the canal and was authorized to fortify the area, if necessary. Finally, the canal was to be open to all nations; rates were to be fair and equal.
 * Hay-Pauncefote Treaty **



Theodore Roosevelt was a strong believer in Captain Mahan's theory of the sea power. This was proved because America's empire stretched from the Caribbean across the Pacific, the idea of the canal between the oceans became more urgent. He decided to create the canal to help send supplies and troops to other areas of the American territories. Philippe Bunau-Barilla hired Willam Cromwell to lobby the US Congress to build a canal across Panama, and not across Nicaragua for various reasons involving money and the geographical locations. He was a chief engineer of a French Canal company. He informed Theodore Roosevelt, the president at that time, that there could be a possible revolt down in Panama. He asked him if he could get support from the troops and also asked for money. The President changed his tactics and promised to bring down troops. 
 * Philippe Bunau-Barillia**

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Sources: http://www.answers.com/topic/hay-bunau-varilla-treaty (Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty) http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/joining.html (Theodore Roosevelt) http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/panama.htm (Panama Revolution) http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9039637 (Hay-Herran Agreement ) http://www.eclipse.co.uk/~sl5763/panama.htm (Philippe Bunau-Barilla) http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h929.html (Hay-Pauncefote Treaty) http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/560909/spooner-act (Spooner Act)